Public Accidents

What is a public accident

A public accident can be described as any incident resulting in personal injury or property damage that takes place in a space accessible to the general population. These locations can include public streets, parks, shopping centres, transport hubs, leisure facilities, and other communal environments. Understanding what constitutes a public accident is vital if you have been harmed or affected in a public setting, as it lays the groundwork for recognising potential legal responsibilities and entitlements. Whether the incident happens because of a slip on a poorly maintained pavement or a trip hazard in a shopping centre, the key factor is that the accident occurred in an area the public is generally expected to use.

Public accidents often stem from neglect, oversight, or a failure in upholding safety standards. With thousands of visitors and residents making use of public spaces daily, the potential for accidents is significant, making it essential for property controllers and authorities to maintain these areas responsibly. When procedures, checks, or risk assessments are not carried out, hazards such as damaged paving stones, loose handrails, or slippery surfaces can pose severe risks.

Cases of public accidents can range from relatively minor injuries—like a sprain or superficial cut—to more serious incidents that lead to long-term disability. A single unaddressed hazard can create a chain of legal and financial consequences for the responsible party, especially if it is proven that they were negligent in upholding their duty of care. If you are involved in this type of accident, you may have the right to seek compensation for any physical harm, emotional distress, and financial losses you incur.

In the United Kingdom, legislation such as the Occupiers’ Liability Act 1957 often provides the framework for determining whether property managers or owners have met expected safety standards. Although the finer details of that legislation and relevant case law will be listed in the “All references” section, it is worth noting that these legal provisions underpin many public accident claims.

Ultimately, public accidents highlight the importance of maintaining safety measures and having clear protocols to identify and address hazards quickly. In the next section, we will examine common types of public accidents to help you understand the variety of risks encountered in everyday public life.

Common types of public accidents

Public accidents come in many forms, reflecting the diverse ways people engage with communal spaces. From the bustling streets lined with shops to serene local parks, each setting introduces its own hazards, influenced by foot traffic, upkeep practices, and even weather conditions. Knowing the most prevalent types of accidents not only helps you safeguard yourself but also shapes your understanding of how to proceed if one unfortunately occurs.

Below is a table summarising some of the major categories of public accidents and their usual causes:

The causes of these accidents can be environmental, mechanical, or related to human error. If multiple contributing factors exist, responsibility might be shared among different parties. Recognising these patterns helps in both accident prevention and in understanding any legal complexities that may arise when pursuing fair redress.

Understanding duty of care

The concept of duty of care is key to public accident claims in the UK. It is the legal obligation owed by individuals or organisations to act reasonably to prevent harm to others. In public spaces, duty of care typically applies to local councils, private landlords, retail businesses, and other entities that own or control property accessible to the public. If these parties fail to maintain safety standards or breach statutory obligations, they risk being held liable when accidents happen.

Duty of care extends beyond mere courtesy, requiring a reasonable level of vigilance. For instance, a council managing a public pathway must regularly inspect and repair uneven surfaces, while a supermarket owner is expected to quickly address wet floors to prevent slips. Under the Occupiers’ Liability Act 1957, occupiers must ensure that visitors are “reasonably safe” when using the premises as intended. What is deemed reasonable often depends on factors such as the immediacy of the hazard and the resources available for inspection and maintenance.

In practice, establishing a breach of duty of care requires evidence that the occupier or responsible party knew or should have known about a hazard and failed to address it. These investigations can prove complex if multiple entities share maintenance responsibilities. Nonetheless, duty of care principles guide whether a claimant can seek compensation, forming the bedrock of any successful public accident claim.

How to determine responsibility

Determining who is responsible after a public accident can be more intricate than it initially appears. While one might assume the local council or property owner is always liable, it may be that third-party contractors, individual employees, or even the injured person themselves share fault. Accurate identification of the liable party hinges upon a comprehensive examination of the facts, contractual obligations, and legal precedents regarding negligence.

Factors to consider include:

• Control of the location: Who owns, leases, or manages the property?

• Maintenance obligations: Was there a schedule for repairs or inspections?

• Clouded responsibilities: Did subcontractors or third parties share tasks, like cleaning or repairs?

• Contributory negligence: Did the injured party’s own behaviour partially cause the accident?

In many cases, joint liability arises when a local authority employs private contractors to maintain public spaces but those contractors fail to remedy hazards. Meticulous review of contracts and inspection logs can reveal whether recommended actions were disregarded. Where evidence is lacking, witness statements, official records, and expert analyses can shed light on who truly holds responsibility.

Steps to take immediately after an accident

In the moment, a public accident can be distressing, disorienting, and painful. Adopting a clear step-by-step approach as soon as possible can not only safeguard your health but also lay the foundation for a robust claim if you later decide to seek compensation. Below are key actions to take immediately after an incident.

1. Prioritise your safety: Remove yourself from immediate danger and call 999 if urgent medical assistance is required.

2. Document the scene: Photographs or videos can serve as crucial evidence, capturing hazards that might be cleaned or repaired soon after.

3. Gather witness information: Even if you feel embarrassed, politely request contact details of people who saw what happened—statements can confirm vital details.

4. Report the accident: If you’re in a premises with an accident log, ensure it is completed. Otherwise, notify the local authority or the property manager in writing.

5. Seek medical assessment: Injuries may worsen or reveal themselves later; having professional documentation helps you get the care you need and supports future claims.

6. Retain receipts: Expenses for medication, travel to hospitals, or special care could be recoverable, so keep thorough records.

Following these initial steps helps preserve essential evidence and ensures your health and safety are prioritised from the outset.

Gathering evidence and witnesses

Evidence is the foundation upon which a personal injury claim stands. While photographs of the accident scene and your injuries are crucial, there are various other pieces of information that can support your case. Consider:

• Physical items: Retain any torn clothing or broken items that illustrate the severity of the incident.

• Witness accounts: Take down contact details and ask witnesses to write a succinct statement while events are fresh in their minds.

• Official and medical reports: Copies of accident book entries, letters of complaint, and hospital discharge summaries verify that you took the matter seriously and sought appropriate care or redress.

• Maintenance logs: For accidents involving local councils or large businesses, request the maintenance and inspection logs that might highlight repeated problems or unaddressed issues.

Approaching evidence collection systematically makes it easier to establish liability. This clarity reduces the chance that defendants can dismiss or diminish your version of events.

Reporting the accident to authorities

Reporting the accident to the proper body is more than a formality—it can strengthen your claim and prompt repairs to prevent further harm. Depending on the nature and location of your accident:

• Local council: If potholes, broken pavements, or hazards in parks are involved, councils often have phone lines or online forms to log incidents.

• Private premises: In shops, restaurants, or other commercial spaces, request to file an official report onsite or contact the head office in writing.

• Public transport operators: For accidents in stations or onboard vehicles, notify service desks or customer services by phone or email, retaining reference numbers for future evidence.

Under certain circumstances, serious incidents might trigger RIDDOR (Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 2013) requirements. Nonetheless, it remains crucial to keep records of how and when you contacted the relevant authority, as this timeline can support your contention that the hazard was reported promptly.

Understanding personal injury claims

A personal injury claim provides a structured way for an injured party to seek compensation when they believe another’s negligence caused their harm. In public accidents, you usually must prove:

1. Duty of care existed between you and the party controlling the environment.

2. Breach of duty occurred—i.e., they failed to act reasonably in preventing your injury.

3. Causation—the breach directly resulted in your injuries.

4. Damages—you suffered measurable harm, whether physical, emotional, or financial.

Common legislation involved includes the Occupiers’ Liability Act 1957, supplemented by broader civil liability and negligence principles. Vendors, councils, and private firms typically hold public liability insurance, with claims handled by insurers on their behalf. While many cases settle out of court, you may need to litigate if liability is strongly denied. A No Win, No Fee arrangement often helps claimants manage legal costs: you generally pay legal fees only if your claim succeeds.

Time limits for claiming compensation

If you are injured in a public accident and wish to pursue a claim, it’s vital to be aware of legal deadlines—known as limitation periods. Under the Limitation Act 1980, you typically have three years from the date of the accident or from when you became aware that negligence caused your injury.

Below is a table summarising the general limitation periods:

There are exceptions, such as shorter deadlines for criminal injuries or specific modes of transport. Missing these deadlines generally means you lose the right to claim, which underscores the importance of seeking legal and medical advice promptly.

Types of compensation you can claim

If liability is established in a public accident claim, two main categories of compensation might apply:

1. General damages
   Cover non-financial losses such as pain, suffering, loss of amenity, or emotional distress. Solicitors often consult Judicial College guidelines to align injuries with compensation brackets.

2. Special damages
   Encompass quantifiable economic losses like medical expenses, travel costs to hospital appointments, loss of earnings, and the cost of care or assistance. Retain receipts, invoices, and payslips, as these convert your anecdotal losses into verifiable sums.

Future expenses are also considered if your injury leads to ongoing medical needs or permanently reduces your earning capacity. UK law expects claimants to mitigate losses by following medical advice and not incurring needless expenses. Failure to do so might reduce a compensatory award.

Working with a solicitor

Solicitors specialising in personal injury law handle the technicalities of investigating claims, gathering evidence, and negotiating with insurers. Many operate on a No Win, No Fee basis, meaning you typically only pay fees if your claim succeeds. Key tasks a solicitor undertakes include:

• Examining medical records and accident logs to build a strong factual case.

• Writing formal letters of claim to defendants and their insurers.

• Liaising with experts (engineers, medical consultants) if the scenario is complex.

• Negotiating settlements or representing you in court if necessary.

A skilled solicitor safeguards your interests and interprets the nuances of duty of care, enabling you to focus on recovery rather than procedural intricacies.

How compensation amounts are calculated

The final settlement offered in a public accident claim usually combines:

• General damages (for pain, suffering, emotional trauma).

• Special damages (for actual financial losses, such as medical bills, time off work, or future care requirements).

Judicial College guidelines help determine a range for general damages, while special damages are itemised from receipts, medical bills, and professional evaluations projecting future losses. If contributory negligence applies, the final award may be reduced proportionally (e.g., 25% if you are deemed partly at fault).

The claims process explained

Seeking compensation for a public accident typically unfolds as follows:

1. Initial consultation: You discuss the case with a solicitor, who evaluates its merits.

2. Letter of claim: The solicitor sends a formal notice to the defendant outlining the accident and expected liabilities.

3. Investigation & evidence: Both sides gather witness statements, medical records, and other proof.

4. Defendant response: They may admit or deny liability, possibly proposing an out-of-court settlement.

5. Negotiations: Solicitors exchange offers and counteroffers. Many claims settle here.

6. Court proceedings: If no agreement is reached, the case can proceed to court for a judge’s decision on liability and compensation.

Timeframes vary based on complexity and whether liability is contested. Even if court proceedings are initiated, a settlement can be reached at any stage before the final hearing.

Common mistakes to avoid in public accident claims

Even a solid case can falter if key steps are overlooked. Navigating the claims process without adequate preparation can result in undue delays or diminished awards. Below is a table highlighting frequent pitfalls and their possible ramifications:

Other errors include missing medical appointments, ignoring legal deadlines, or settling too quickly before the full extent of injuries is understood. Awareness of these pitfalls helps safeguard your interests from day one.

What to do if your claim is rejected

Receiving a denial of liability from a defendant or their insurer does not automatically spell the end of your claim. They may reject it for insufficient evidence, disputed facts, or a conflicting version of events. To tackle a rejection:

• Scrutinise their reasoning: Pinpoint the specific objections and consider how to address them (e.g., new witness statements, updated medical reports).

• Seek specialist advice: If you haven’t already, consult a solicitor who can advise on how to respond constructively.

• Explore mediation: Alternative dispute resolution can sometimes bridge the gap if direct negotiations falter.

• Consider court: If the parties cannot reconcile, proceeding to litigation allows a judge to weigh the evidence and determine liability.

You can still reverse a denial with the right evidence and negotiation strategy, ensuring you don’t lose a potentially valid claim.

Protecting yourself from future public accidents

While it’s impossible to eliminate all risks, you can take practical steps to reduce the chances of being harmed again in public spaces:

• Stay vigilant: Scan for uneven surfaces, wet floors, and insufficient signage.

• Wear suitable footwear: Non-slip soles help prevent falls, particularly in adverse weather.

• Report hazards: Alert local councils or premises managers if you spot anything dangerous, like a damaged railing or unlit walkway.

• Use safety features: Handrails, designated crossings, and signage exist for a reason.

• Maintain good physical health: Regular exercise, a balanced diet, and adequate rest can improve reflexes and reduce injury severity.

Knowing your surroundings, following safety advice, and reporting concerns not only guards your own wellbeing but protects others who share these public spaces.

Conclusion

Public accidents can happen to anyone, anywhere. They underscore the interplay between personal vigilance and the legal obligations of occupiers or property managers to keep communal areas safe. By recognising what a public accident is and the common types that occur, you become better equipped to navigate these scenarios—whether avoiding them altogether or responding methodically when they arise.

We’ve explored how a duty of care manifests under UK law and who typically holds responsibility when that duty is breached. Should you find yourself facing injuries from a hazard in a public space, adopting the right steps immediately, along with methodical evidence collection, can set you on the path towards seeking just compensation. Through the claims process, you may recoup financial losses and address non-economic harm such as pain, suffering, and emotional distress. An experienced solicitor can bolster this journey, helping negotiate fair outcomes or pursue litigation if necessary.

By taking note of common mistakes to avoid, you minimise the probability of diluting your claim, while protecting yourself from future public accidents means staying informed and proactive in everyday life. Ultimately, understanding your rights and obligations fosters safer environments for everyone.

Frequently asked questions

Understanding public accidents

What qualifies as a public accident?

A public accident is any incident causing injury or harm that occurs in a publicly accessible location due to negligence, poor maintenance, or inadequate safety measures. Typical places include streets, parks, shopping centres, and public transport.

Are accidents on private property considered public accidents?

Usually not, unless the property is publicly accessible, such as shops, restaurants, hotels, or attractions. Private residential property accidents typically fall under different legal categories.

How common are public accidents in the UK?

Public accidents are relatively common, with slips, trips, and falls accounting for a significant number of personal injury claims each year, reflecting widespread issues in public safety management.

Claim eligibility

Can I claim if the accident was partly my fault?

Yes. Even if you contributed to your accident, you may still claim compensation. However, your compensation could be reduced proportionally, reflecting your share of responsibility.

Can children make public accident claims?

Yes. Minors under 18 cannot initiate claims themselves, but a parent or guardian can claim on their behalf. Alternatively, the child can initiate their own claim after turning 18, up to their 21st birthday.

Can I claim compensation if I witnessed a traumatic public accident?

Possibly, if witnessing the accident caused significant psychological harm such as PTSD or severe anxiety. Such claims require strong medical evidence demonstrating the impact.

Claim process

How soon after my accident should I claim?

You should begin your claim as soon as possible, ideally within weeks. Early action helps preserve crucial evidence, ensuring your claim remains robust and clear.

How long does a typical public accident claim take?

Most straightforward claims take between 6–12 months. More complex cases, involving disputed liability or severe injuries, may take up to 2–3 years or longer.

Can I make a claim without involving a solicitor?

Yes, but this is not recommended. Public accident claims involve complex procedures and negotiations. A solicitor greatly increases your likelihood of receiving fair compensation.

Do most claims settle without going to court?

Yes, about 95% of personal injury claims settle through negotiation. Only a small proportion proceed to a court hearing, usually when liability or compensation amounts are significantly disputed.

Compensation and financial considerations

How much compensation might I receive for a public accident?

Compensation varies significantly based on injury severity, financial losses, and long-term impacts. Minor injuries typically result in a few thousand pounds, while serious injuries can exceed six figures.

Can I claim compensation for psychological injuries?

Yes, psychological injuries like PTSD, anxiety, and depression arising from a public accident are valid compensation claims if supported by medical evidence.

Will compensation cover future medical costs?

Yes, compensation usually covers anticipated future medical and rehabilitation costs if your injury has long-term implications requiring ongoing treatment or care.

Can I claim lost earnings?

Yes, if your injury causes you to miss work temporarily or permanently, you can claim compensation for lost wages and future loss of earnings, provided you can document these losses clearly.

Legal and procedural questions

What is the limitation period for public accident claims?

Typically, you have three years from the accident date to start your claim. Exceptions include minors (up to age 21) and those lacking mental capacity.

What if my claim is rejected initially?

Initial rejection isn't necessarily final. You can appeal by addressing issues raised, gathering additional evidence, or seeking mediation or alternative dispute resolution (ADR).

Is the claims process confidential?

Yes, personal injury claims are confidential. Solicitors and insurers must protect your privacy and handle your information discreetly and responsibly.

Evidence and documentation

What evidence is most important for my claim?

Crucial evidence includes medical records, accident reports, photographs of the accident scene, witness statements, CCTV footage, and documentation of any financial losses incurred.

Can I request CCTV footage for my claim?

Yes. Immediately request CCTV footage from the premises owner or relevant authority, as footage is often deleted after around 30 days.

How do I document financial losses?

Keep detailed records, receipts, and invoices of all accident-related expenses, including medical costs, lost earnings, travel expenses, and care costs, to ensure accurate compensation.

Prevention and safety

How can I avoid future public accidents?

Remain vigilant, promptly report hazards, wear appropriate footwear and clothing, use available safety measures, maintain good physical health, and advocate for improved public safety in your community.

Who should I report public hazards to?

Report hazards immediately to local councils, premises managers, or transport authorities, providing clear details of location, nature, and risk level to facilitate prompt action.

Can reporting hazards really prevent accidents?

Yes. Timely hazard reporting ensures authorities address risks promptly, significantly reducing accident likelihood for you and others.

Working with professionals

How do I choose the right solicitor for my claim?

Select a solicitor experienced specifically in public accident claims, with strong client testimonials, professional accreditations (such as APIL or Law Society), and clear fee structures like no-win, no-fee agreements.

Are no-win, no-fee agreements really risk-free?

Yes, generally they remove upfront financial risk. However, always clarify specific terms, including any potential deductions from your compensation, before entering an agreement.

Can I get a second opinion on my case?

Absolutely. If you're unsure or dissatisfied with current advice, you can seek a second opinion from another experienced solicitor to clarify your options and potentially strengthen your claim.

Still have questions?

If you have unresolved concerns about public accidents—or feel your circumstances call for more personalised advice—consider speaking with an expert. A knowledgeable professional can address any nuances this guide may not cover and ensure you receive accurate, tailored guidance for your specific situation.

Glossary

Accident book

An official record maintained by businesses and organisations to log details of accidents that occur on their premises.

Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)

Processes used to resolve disputes outside the courtroom, including mediation, arbitration, and negotiation.

Breach of duty

Failure by an individual or organisation to meet the required standard of care, leading to injury or harm.

Causation

Establishing a direct link between someone’s negligence and the injuries or losses sustained.

Claimant

The person who initiates a compensation claim after suffering injury or loss due to someone else’s negligence.

Compensation

Financial reimbursement awarded to individuals who have suffered harm or injury due to negligence or wrongful acts.

Conditional Fee Agreement (CFA)

Also known as a ‘no-win, no-fee’ agreement, where legal fees are payable only if the claimant’s case is successful.

Contributory negligence

A legal principle where the claimant’s compensation is reduced proportionally if they are partially responsible for their injuries.

Court proceedings

Formal legal processes conducted in a court setting to determine liability and compensation if negotiations fail.

Damages

The monetary compensation awarded to someone harmed or injured due to negligence or breach of duty.

Date of knowledge

The date when the claimant first became aware, or reasonably should have been aware, that their injury was linked directly to the accident.

Defendant

The individual or organisation alleged to be responsible for causing harm or injury in a compensation claim.

Duty of care

A legal obligation requiring individuals or organisations to take reasonable steps to protect others from harm.

Evidence

Materials such as documents, photographs, witness statements, CCTV footage, and medical records that substantiate claims.

Expert witness

A specialist who provides independent testimony based on professional expertise, helping clarify complex aspects of a claim.

Fatal Accidents Act 1976

UK legislation that enables dependants of individuals killed in accidents to seek compensation for their loss.

General damages

Compensation awarded for non-financial impacts such as pain, suffering, and loss of quality of life resulting from an injury.

Health and Safety Executive (HSE)

UK government agency responsible for enforcing workplace health and safety regulations.

Incident report

An official written record detailing the circumstances of an accident, created by the responsible party.

Joint liability

When two or more parties share responsibility for an accident, each contributing proportionately to compensation awarded.

Judicial College Guidelines

Standardised guidelines used in the UK courts to help determine compensation amounts for different types of injuries.

Liability

Legal responsibility for causing injury or harm, typically due to negligence or breach of duty.

Limitation Act 1980

UK law specifying the time limits within which personal injury claims must be initiated, usually three years.

Litigation friend

A person legally appointed to represent and manage a compensation claim on behalf of someone unable to do so, such as a minor or incapacitated individual.

Loss of amenity

Reduction in an individual’s ability to enjoy daily life, hobbies, and social activities due to injury.

Loss of earnings

Financial compensation for income lost due to the inability to work following an accident.

Mediation

A voluntary, structured negotiation process facilitated by an impartial third-party mediator to help reach an agreement.

Medical negligence

Injuries or harm caused by inadequate or inappropriate medical treatment, which may occur alongside a public accident claim.

No-win, no-fee

A common term describing Conditional Fee Agreements, meaning claimants only pay legal fees if their claim succeeds.

Occupiers’ Liability Act 1957

UK legislation setting out the duty owed by occupiers of premises to lawful visitors, ensuring reasonable safety standards.

Occupiers’ Liability Act 1984

UK legislation outlining the duty owed by occupiers of premises even to unlawful visitors or trespassers, specifically regarding hazardous conditions.

Personal injury claim

A legal action seeking financial compensation for injuries or harm sustained due to another’s negligence.

Psychological injuries

Mental or emotional harm caused by an accident, including conditions like anxiety, depression, or PTSD.

Public accident

An incident causing injury occurring in a publicly accessible area due to negligence or unsafe conditions.

Public liability insurance

Insurance held by organisations to protect them financially against claims arising from injuries or damage sustained by the public.

Rehabilitation

Medical and therapeutic processes designed to support an injured individual’s physical and psychological recovery.

Settlement

An agreement reached between the claimant and defendant (or insurer), resolving a claim without the need for court intervention.

Special damages

Compensation awarded for specific, documented financial losses resulting from an injury, such as medical bills and lost wages.

Statement of truth

A formal declaration signed by claimants or witnesses affirming the accuracy and truthfulness of their statements.

Trespasser

An individual who enters a premises without permission, whose injuries may still attract limited liability under certain circumstances (Occupiers’ Liability Act 1984).

Vicarious liability

Legal principle where an employer or organisation is held liable for negligent acts committed by employees during the course of their employment.

Witness statement

A written account provided by a person who observed or has relevant knowledge of an accident, used as evidence during the claims process.

Useful organisations

Association of Personal Injury Lawyers (APIL)

A leading UK professional organisation supporting victims of public accidents and personal injuries. APIL helps individuals find accredited legal specialists and provides comprehensive information on personal injury rights and the claims process.

• Phone: 0115 943 5400

• Website: www.apil.org.uk

Citizens Advice

Provides confidential, impartial, and free guidance on a range of issues, including public accidents and personal injury claims. Citizens Advice can help you understand your rights, navigate claims, and access local support services.

• Phone: 0800 144 8848 (England), 0800 702 2020 (Wales)

• Website: www.citizensadvice.org.uk

GOV.UK – Local Council Finder

The UK government’s official platform for locating and contacting your local council. Useful for reporting hazards, public accidents, and safety concerns, and accessing local council services.

• Phone: N/A (Online service only)

• Website: www.gov.uk/find-local-council

Health and Safety Executive (HSE)

The UK’s national authority responsible for enforcing safety standards and regulations, especially in workplaces and publicly accessible premises. Provides guidance on health and safety regulations and reporting serious public incidents.

• Phone: 0300 003 1747

• Website: www.hse.gov.uk

Law Society of England and Wales

The professional representative body for solicitors across England and Wales. Offers comprehensive advice on finding accredited legal representatives for public accident claims and understanding your legal rights.

• Phone: 020 7242 1222

• Website: www.lawsociety.org.uk

Mind

A prominent mental health charity offering support and advice for anyone experiencing psychological impacts such as anxiety, stress, or PTSD following a public accident or injury.

• Phone: 0300 123 3393 (Information Line)

• Website: www.mind.org.uk

Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents (RoSPA)

A UK charity committed to accident prevention through education, advocacy, and public awareness. RoSPA provides advice on reducing accident risks in public spaces and workplaces.

• Phone: 0121 248 2000

• Website: www.rospa.com

Samaritans

Provides confidential, emotional support 24/7 to individuals affected by trauma, emotional distress, or psychological impacts following a public accident or injury.

• Phone: 116 123 (free, 24-hour helpline)

• Website: www.samaritans.org

Victim Support

An independent charity offering confidential emotional support and practical assistance to victims of public accidents or traumatic incidents in England and Wales.

• Phone: 0808 168 9111 (24-hour support line)

• Website: www.victimsupport.org.uk

All references

Association of Personal Injury Lawyers (APIL), 2024, Understanding Liability in Public Accidents, APIL Publications.
https://www.apil.org.uk

Citizens Advice Bureau, 2024, A Guide to Personal Injury Claims and Compensation, Citizens Advice Bureau.
https://www.citizensadvice.org.uk

Health and Safety Executive (HSE), 2024, Reporting and Investigating Accidents and Incidents, HSE Publications.
https://www.hse.gov.uk

Judicial College, 2024, Guidelines for the Assessment of General Damages in Personal Injury Cases (16th ed.), Oxford University Press.
https://global.oup.com

Law Society of England and Wales, 2024, Personal Injury Claims: Your Guide to the Process, Law Society Publications.
https://www.lawsociety.org.uk

Occupiers’ Liability Act 1957 (c.31), HMSO, London.
https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Eliz2/5-6/31

Occupiers’ Liability Act 1984 (c.3), HMSO, London.
https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1984/3

Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents (RoSPA), 2024, Public Safety and Accident Prevention: Practical Guidelines, RoSPA Publications.
https://www.rospa.com

Disclaimer

The information provided in this guide is for general informational purposes only and does not constitute professional dental advice. While the content is prepared and backed by a qualified dentist (the “Author”), neither Clearwise nor the Author shall be held liable for any errors, omissions, or outcomes arising from the use of this information. Every individual’s dental situation is unique, and readers should consult with a qualified dentist for personalised advice and treatment plans.

Furthermore, Clearwise may recommend external partners who are qualified dentists for further consultation or treatment. These recommendations are provided as a convenience, and Clearwise is not responsible for the quality, safety, or outcomes of services provided by these external partners. Engaging with any external partner is done at your own discretion and risk. Clearwise disclaims any liability related to the advice, services, or products offered by external partners, and is indemnified for any claims arising from such recommendations.